![]() However, when we restricted analyses to men with no psychiatric comorbidity, there was a ‘reversed-J’ shaped association: men with the lowest intelligence had the greatest risk of being admitted with pure bipolar disorder, but risk was also elevated among men with the highest intelligence (p for quadratic trend = 0.03), primarily in those with the highest verbal (p for quadratic trend=0.009) or technical ability (p for quadratic trend <0.0001). Risk of hospitalization with any form of bipolar disorder fell in a stepwise manner as intelligence increased (p for linear trend <0.0001). Intelligence was measured on conscription for military service at a mean age of 18.3 years and data on psychiatric hospital admissions over a mean follow-up period of 22.6 years was obtained from national records. We investigated the relationship between intelligence and subsequent risk of hospitalisation for bipolar disorder in a prospective cohort study of 1,049,607 Swedish men. Epidemiological evidence for such a link is sparse. 2000 10:1–9.Anecdotal and biographical reports have long suggested that bipolar disorder is more common in people with exceptional cognitive or creative ability. Prefrontal regions play a predominant role in imposing an attentional ‘set’: evidence from fMRI. 2009 97:549–65.īanich MT, Milham MP, Atchley RA, Cohen NJ, Webb A, Wszalek T, et al. ![]() Bipolar spectrum-substance use co-occurrence: behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity and impulsiveness as shared personality vulnerabilities. 2011 70:357–65.Īlloy LB, Bender RE, Wagner CA, Whitehouse WG, Abramson LY, Hogan ME, et al. Trait-related decision-making impairment in the three phases of bipolar disorder. 2007b 191:823–33.Īdida M, Jollant F, Clark L, Besnier N, Guillaume S, Kaladjian A, et al. Human reward system activation is modulated by a single dose of olanzapine in healthy subjects in an event-related, double-blind, placebo-controlled fMRI study. Abnormal reward system activation in mania. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain.Ībler B, Greenhouse I, Ongur D, Walter H, Heckers S. The findings extend a functional neuroanatomical account of disorders characterized by clinically impulsive decision-making, and provide targets for evaluating interventions that foster self-control.Īccumbens bipolar disorder mania reward risk striatum. Our findings suggest that clinically impulsive and risky decision-making are related to subjective valuation that is biased towards lower-order preference, with diminished integration of higher-order goals. Response to high-probability rewards in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was inversely associated with trait impulsivity and risk-taking in the bipolar disorder group. In control subjects, however, ventromedial prefrontal activation was positively associated with both ventral striatum and dorsolateral prefrontal activity patients evidenced a strong positive association with ventral striatum, but a negative association with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This group also showed increased anticipatory and outcome-locked activity in ventral striatum in response to rewards. The bipolar disorder group showed the opposite pattern with preferential response to risky rewards. In control subjects, anticipatory and outcome-locked activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was greater for safe than risky reward prospects. Activity in response to high-probability ('safe') and low-probability ('risky') prospects was measured during both anticipation, and outcome. Twenty euthymic patients with bipolar disorder not in receipt of antipsychotic medication and 20 case-matched controls performed a roulette task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We hypothesized that in bipolar disorder the weighting of valuation signals converging on ventromedial prefrontal cortex are more heavily weighted towards ventral striatum inputs (lower-order), with less weighting of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex inputs (higher-order). We sought to determine whether this is driven by a failure to effectively weight the lower-order goal of obtaining a strongly desired reward in relation to higher-order goals, and how this relates to trait impulsivity and risk-taking. Bipolar disorder is characterized by impaired decision-making captured in impulsivity and risk-taking.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |